Plagiarism

Borealis International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting (BIJEMA) is committed to maintaining the originality and integrity of all articles published in the journal. Plagiarism, self-plagiarism, duplicate publication, and other forms of improper use of previously published material are not acceptable.

Similarity Screening

All manuscripts submitted to BIJEMA are screened for similarity before being sent for peer review. The editorial team may also conduct another similarity check on the final version of an accepted manuscript before publication. The maximum permitted overall similarity index is 30%, excluding the reference list where applicable. However, the similarity percentage is not the only basis for determining plagiarism. Editors will also consider the source, amount, pattern, and nature of the detected similarity. A manuscript exceeding the permitted level may be returned to the authors for revision. Manuscripts containing substantial plagiarism may be rejected without proceeding to peer review.

Originality

Authors must ensure that manuscripts submitted to BIJEMA are original, have not been published previously, and are not being considered for publication by another journal at the same time. Any ideas, words, data, tables, figures, or other materials obtained from other sources must be properly cited and acknowledged. Direct quotations must be clearly distinguished from the authors’ own writing and accompanied by appropriate references.

Forms of Plagiarism

Plagiarism may occur in several forms, including direct copying, substantial reproduction of another work, inappropriate paraphrasing, and the use of ideas or data without proper acknowledgement. Direct plagiarism occurs when an author copies words or sentences from another source without quotation or proper citation. Substantial plagiarism occurs when a significant portion of another work, including its ideas, arguments, data, findings, tables, or figures, is reproduced without appropriate acknowledgement. Improper paraphrasing occurs when an author rewrites material from another source but fails to acknowledge the original author or publication.

Self-Plagiarism

Authors must properly cite and disclose their own previously published work when it is reused in a new manuscript. Reusing substantial portions of previously published text, data, figures, or findings without appropriate citation or disclosure may be considered self-plagiarism or redundant publication. Where previously published material is necessary to support a new study, the earlier publication must be clearly cited and the new contribution of the submitted manuscript must be distinguishable from the previous work.

Simultaneous and Duplicate Submission

Authors must not submit the same or substantially similar manuscript to BIJEMA and another journal at the same time. If substantial overlap is identified between a manuscript submitted to BIJEMA and another published or simultaneously submitted work, the editorial team may investigate the case as a potential violation of publication ethics.

Editorial Action

When possible plagiarism is identified, the editorial team will review the manuscript and determine the appropriate action according to the nature and seriousness of the case. For minor problems, authors may be asked to revise the affected sections and provide proper citations. Manuscripts involving substantial or serious plagiarism may be rejected. If plagiarism or duplicate publication is discovered after publication, BIJEMA may issue a correction, an expression of concern, or retract the article where necessary. Repeated or serious violations may result in restrictions on future submissions, subject to the decision of the Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board.

Author Responsibility

Authors are responsible for the originality and integrity of the manuscripts they submit. By submitting a manuscript to Borealis International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting (BIJEMA), all authors confirm that the work is original and that all materials derived from other sources have been properly acknowledged.